Defination:
Down’s syndrome is a chromosal disorder caused by an additional (third) chromosome 21 or “trisomy21” resulting in intellectual impairrement and physical abnormalities.
Cause:
- trisomy 21(nondisjunction)
- translocation
- mosaicism
Risk factor:
- Maternal age
- Being carrier of the genetic translocation for down syndrome
Symptoms:
1)behavioural and congnitive symptoms
- irritability
- agitation
- aggressive behaviour
- slow learning
- short attention span
2)delayed language
3)delayed speech development
Sign:
Decreased or poor muscle tone
- upward slanting eyes lids
- whit spots on iris
- flattened facial profile
- small head
- unusally shaped or small ears
- poor muscle tone
- broad short hands with a single crease in the palms
- short height
Management:
- physical or occupational therapy
- speech therapy
- symptomatic treatment as per the condition
- participating in special education programmes in school
- treating underlying medical conditions
- surgical correction of congenital abnormalities
- evalution of hearing and sight manage accordingly
- regular monitoring of thyroid hormone ,growth pattern
2024-05-28