HIV AIDS
human immuno deficiency virus caused Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome that principally attacks cd4T cells and as a result ,body’s immunity lower thus viral, bacterial, fungal or protozoal infection occurs.
-A person with AIDS is infected but looks healthy but can be a carrier of the virus.
Transmission of HIV
- sexual intercourse
- transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products
- contaminated needle or syringe use
- vertical transmission
- breastfeeding(15-45%)
CAUSE
- having unprotected sex with infect person
- contact with infected blood
-injected needles sharing
-accidental needles & contact
-transfusion of blood ,blood components and organ donation.
Activities that do not transmit HIV
- casual contact such as handshake ,hugging, superficial kiss
- sharing common toilet
- air born infection
- insect bite
- eating together
- studying with HIV +VE child in same school
- taking care of AIDS patient
- use of public paths ,swimming part
Clinical features
MAJOR :
->10%WEIGHT LOSS
-fever for longer than 1 month
-chronic diarrhea for longer then 1 month
MINOR
-Persistent cough for longer than 1 month
-general itchy dermatitis
-recurrent herps zoster
fungus infection in mouth/throat
general lymphadenopathy
Lab examination
-TC,DC,HB,PLATELETS
-CHEST XRAY
-ELISA
-CD4COUNT
-BLOOD SUGAR,LIPID PROFILE,CREATININE
Prevention;
*prevention of sexual transmission
- information &education of safe sex practice
- control of STI
*Prevention through blood
- screening
- universal precaution
- disinfection of equipment’s
*waste management;
- general waste segregation paper, plastic & food product should be separated
- medical waste ;blood,blood products,products of conception,tissue body part should be sepreted and dumped
- chemical waste; disinfection and chlorination can be done
Management;
*symptomatic treatment
- for pain- tab aspirin
- for fever- tab pcm
- for diarrhea-tab metronidazole
- for anxiety-diazepam& counselling
- for dermatitis -Antihistamines
*Treatment of opportunistic infection
- for fungal -topical fluconazole
- for viral (herpes) tab acyclovir
- for bacteria-mupirocin
- for TB -rifampicin, isoniazid ,pyrazinamide, ethambutol
*antiretroviral therapy